Evolutionary Tree of Birds

Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range and the epoch are shown in the Geological Time Table.

Phylogenetic Tree of Birds

Kingdom Animalia
- Phylum Chordate
  - Subphylum Vertebra
    - Infraphylum Gnathostomata (Jawed vertebrates)
      - Class Aves ⇐ Class Reptile (Saurischia)
        
        Subclass Archaeornithes (Most primitive birds; 155.7～112 Mya)
        
        Oder Archaeopterygiformes Primitive bird
        Oder Confuciusornithiformes (130～112 Mya) Primitive bird
        
        Subclass Enantiornithes (Opposite birds; 140.2～65.5 Mya)
        
        Order Iberomesornithiformes Primitive bird
        Superorder Euenantiornithes (Advanced Enantiornithes; 130～65.5 Mya) Primitive bird
        
        Order Enantiornithiformes Primitive bird
        Order Cathayornithiformes (125～112 Mya) Primitive bird
        Order Gobipterygiformes (112～70.6 Mya) Primitive bird
        
        Subclass Ornithurae (Primitive and advanced features; 145.5～65.5 Mya)
        
        Order Jeholornithiformes Primitive bird
        Order Omnivoropterygiformes (125～112 Mya) Primitive bird
        
        Subclass Hesperornithes (Prehistoric aquatic birds)
        
        Order Hesperornithiformes (112～65.5 Mya) Primitive bird
        
        Subclass Ichthyornithes (Prehistoric sea birds)
        
        Order Ichthyornithiformes (83.5～70.6 Mya) Primitive bird
        
        Subclass Neornithes (Modern birds; 89.3 Mya～)
        
        Infraclass Paleognathae
        
        Order Lithornithiformes (61.7～40.4 Mya) Primitive bird
        Order Struthioniformes (Ostrich, Rhea, Cassowary, Emus, Moa, Kiwi; 58.7 Mya～) Ostrich Cassowary
        Order Tinamiformes (Tinamous)
        
        Infraclass Neognathae (83.5 Mya～)
        
        Superorder Galloanserae (Fowl; 83.5 Mya～)
        
        Order Anseriformes (Waterfowl; 70.6 Mya～) Goose Swan
        Order Galliformes (Mound-builder, Curassow, Guineafowl, Pheasant, Peafowl, Junglefowl, Great Argus, Crested Argus; 83.5 Mya～) Pheasant Curassow Guineafowl Peafowl Junglefowl
        
        Superorder Neoaves (83.5 Mya～)
        
        Order Aegotheliformes (Owlet-nightjars)
        Order Charadriiformes (Shorebirds, Waders; 83.5 Mya～)
        
        Suborder Scolopaci (Sandpipers)
        Suborder Thinocori (Jacanas)
        Suborder Lari (Gull, Tern, Puffin, Skua) Puffin
        Suborder Turnici (Buttonquails)
        Suborder Chionidi (Thick-knees)
        Suborder Charadrii (Plover-like waders)
        
        Order Gaviiformes (Loons, Divers; 70.6 Mya～)
        Order Podicipediformes (Grebes)
        Order Procellariiformes (Petrel, Albatross, Storm-petrel; 70.6 Mya～) Albatross
        Order Sphenisciformes (61.7 Mya～) Penguin
        Order Pelecaniformes (Frigatebird, Pelican, Cormorant, Booby, Shoebill; 70.6 Mya～) Pelican Frigatebird
        Order Phaethontiformes (Tropicbirds; 58.7 Mya～)
        Order Ciconiiformes (Stork, Heron, Ibis; 70.6 Mya～) Stork Ibis
        Order Phoenicopteriformes (55.8 Mya～) Flamingo
        Order Falconiformes (Falcon, Condor, Eagle; 48.6 Mya～) Raptor Condor
        Order Gruiformes (61.7 Mya～)
        
        Suborder Ralli Rail
        Suborder Grui (Crane, Terror bird, Kagu) Crane Terror bird
        
        Order Pteroclidiformes (Sandgrouse)
        Order Columbiformes (Pigeon, Crowned pigeon, Dodo)
        Order Psittaciformes (Cockatoo, True parrot; 55.8 Mya～) Parrot
        Order Cuculiformes (Cuckoo, Turaco, Hoatzin; 37.2 Mya～) Turaco
        Order Strigiformes (60.2 Mya～) Owl
        Order Caprimulgiformes (Nightjars, Nighthawks; 48.6 Mya～)
        Order Apodiformes (Hummingbird, Swift; 55.8 Mya～)
        Order Coraciiformes (Roller, Hoopoe, Bee-eater, Hornbill; 55.4 Mya～) Hornbill
        
        Suborder Alcedini Kingfisher
        
        Order Piciformes (33.9 Mya～)
        
        Suborder Galbulae
        Suborder Pici (Toucan, Woodpecker) Toucan
        
        Order Trogoniformes (Trogons; 55.8 Mya～) Quetzal
        Order Coliiformes (Mousebirds; 55.8 Mya～)
        Order Passeriformes (Passerines, Perching birds; 38 Mya～)
        
        Suborder Acanthisitti
        Suborder Tyranni (Suboscines)
        
        Infraorder Eurylaimides (Old World suboscines; Broadbill, Pitta)
        Infraorder Tyrannides (New World suboscines; Tyrant flycatcher, Tityra, Cotinga, Cock-of-the-rock, Manakin, Antbird, Tapaculo)
        
        Suborder Passeri (Songbird)
        
        Infraorder Corvida (Honeyeater, Birds of paradise, Shrike, Crow, Bowerbird)
        Infraorder Passerida (Lark, Swallow, Bulbul, True warbler, White-eye, Cardinal)