Evolutionary Tree of Fishes

Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range and the epoch are shown in the Geological Time Table.

Phylogenetic Tree of Fishes

Kingdom Animalia
- Phylum Chordate
  - Subphylum Vertebra
    - Superclass Agnatha (Oldest fishes, Hagfish, Lamprey) Jawless fish
      - Class Pteraspidomorphi (Early jawless fish; 476.8～376.1 Mya)
        
        Order Pteraspidomorphes (466～388.1 Mya)
        Order Arandaspida (476.8～457.5 Mya)
        Order Heterostraci (479～376.1 Mya)
      - Class Thelodonti (Advanced jawless fishes; 460.5～409.1 Mya)
      - Class Anaspida (Ancestors of lampreys)
      - Class Pituriaspida (Armored jawless fishes)
      - Class Osteostraci (Bony-armored jawless fishes)
      - Class Myxini (Hagfish)
        
        Order Myxiniformes (318.1 Mya～)
      - Class Cephalaspidomorphi (Lamprey; 426.2 Mya～)
        
        Order Petromyzontiformes (376.1 Mya～)
    - Infraphylum Gnathostomata (Jawed vertebrates)
      - Class Placodermi (extinct group; 418.1～245 Mya) Armoured fish
        
        Order Arthrodira (418.1～245 Mya)
        Order Rhenanida (409.1～391.9 Mya)
        Order Antiarchi (391.9～376.1 Mya)
        Order Ptyctodontida (383.7～360.7 Mya)
      - Class Chondrichthyes (Ray, Shark; 466 Mya～) Cartilaginous fish
        
        Subclass Holocephali
        
        Order Petalodontiformes (339.4～199.6 Mya)
        Order Eugeneodontida (312～249.7 Mya)
        Order Chimaeriformes (Chimaeras; 279.5 Mya～)
        
        Subclass Elasmobranchii (409.1 Mya～)
        
        Order Ctenacanthiformes (409.1～155.7 Mya)
        Order Xenacanthida (Prehitoric sharks; 299～65.5 Mya)
        Order Hybodontiformes (196.5～93.5 Mya)
        
        Superorder Batoidea (Rays, Skates) Ray
        
        Order Rajiformes (Stingrays, Eagle rays; 183 Mya～)
        Order Pristiformes (Sawfishes)
        Order Torpediniformes (Electric rays)
        
        Superorder Selachimorpha (Sharks) Shark
        
        Order Symmoriida (345～272.5 Mya)
        Order Heterodontiformes (Bullhead shark; 167.7 Mya～)
        Order Squaliformes (Bramble sharks, Dogfish; 167.7 Mya～)
        Order Pristiophoriformes (Sawsharks; 85.8 Mya～)
        Order Squatiniformes (Angel shark; 140.2 Mya～)
        Order Hexanchiformes (Frilled shark, Cow shark; 189.6 Mya～)
        Order Orectolobiformes (Whale shark; 167.7 Mya～)
        Order Carcharhiniformes (Cat shark, Hammerhead shark, Hound shark; 167.7 Mya～)
        Order Lamniformes (Basking shark, Great white shark; 140.2 Mya～)
        Order Echinorhiniformes (Bramble shark; 112 Mya～)
      - Class Acanthodii (extinct group; 421.3～255 Mya) Spiny sharks
        
        Order Climatiiformes (21.3～318.1 Mya)
        Order Acanthodiformes (409.1～284 Mya)
    - Superclass Osteichthyes (Bony fish)
      - Class Sarcopterygii (Four-limbed vertebrate, Coelacanth, Lungfish; 422.9 Mya～) Lobe-finned fish
        
        Subclass Tetrapodomorpha (Four-limbed vertebrate) ⇒ Class Amphibia
        
        Order Rhizodontida
        Order Porolepiformes
        Order Elpistostegalia
        Order Panderichthyida
        Order Osteolepiformes
        
        Subclass Coelacnathimorpha (Coelacanth)
        
        Order Coelacanthiformes
        
        Subclass Dipnoi (Lungfish; 412.3 Mya～)
        
        Order Dipteriformes (409.1～360.7 Mya)
        Order Ceratodontiformes (216.5 Mya～)
        Order Lepidosireniformes
      - Class Actinopterygii (Most living fishes; 421.3 Mya～) Ray-finned fish
        
        Order Palaeonisciformes (421.3～112 Mya)
        Order Semionotiformes (237～65.5 Mya)
        Order Pachycormiformes (196.5～70.6 Mya)
        Order Aspidorhynchiformes (167.7～65.5 Mya)
        
        Subclass Chondrostei (130 Mya～)
        
        Order Polypteriformes (Bichirs, Reedfishes; 65.5 Mya～)
        Order Acipenseriformes (Sturgeons, Paddlefishes; 130 Mya～)
        
        Subclass Neopterygii (251 Mya～)
        
        Infraclass Holostei (Gars, Bowfins)
        
        Order Lepisosteiformes (Gars; 145.5 Mya～)
        Order Amiiformes (Bowfins; 237 Mya～)
        
        Infraclass Teleostei (Most living fishes)
        
        Superorder Osteoglossomorpha
        
        Order Ichthyodectiformes (155.7～65.5 Mya)
        Order Osteoglossiformes (Bony-tongued fishes; 145.5 Mya～)
        
        Suborder Notopteroidei (Elephantfishes, Featherfin knives)
        Suborder Osteoglossoidei (Arowana)
        
        Order Hiodontiformes (Mooneye, Goldeye)
        
        Superorder Elopomorpha
        
        Order Elopiformes (Ladyfishes, Tarpon; 155.7 Mya～)
        Order Albuliformes (Bonefishes)
        Order Notacanthiformes (Halosaurs, Spiny eels)
        Order Anguilliformes (True eels, Gulpers; 112 Mya～)
        
        Suborder Anguilloidei (Freshwater eel, Moray eel)
        Suborder Congroidei (Conger, Pike conger)
        Suborder Nemichthyoidei (Snipe eels, Sawtooth eels)
        Suborder Synaphobranchoidei (Cutthroat eels)
        
        Order Saccopharyngiformes (Gulper eel)
        
        Suborder Cyematoidei (Bobtail snipe eels)
        Suborder Saccopharyngoidei (Pelican eel, Wwallowers, Gulpers)
        
        Superorder Clupeomorpha
        
        Order Clupeiformes (Anchovy, Herring; 125 Mya～)
        
        Superorder Ostariophysi
        
        Order Gonorynchiformes (Milkfishes)
        
        Suborder Chanoidei (Milkfishes)
        Suborder Gonorynchoidei (Beaked sandfishes)
        Suborder Knerioidei (Shellears)
        
        Order Cypriniformes (True loach, Carp; 150.8 Mya～)
        Order Characiformes (Characins, Pencilfishes; 99.6 Mya～)
        Order Gymnotiformes (Electric eels, Knifefishes)
        
        Suborder Gymnotoidei (Banded knifefishes, Electric eel)
        Suborder Sternopygoidei (Sand knifefishes, Bluntnose knifefishes)
        
        Order Siluriformes (Catfishes; 93.5 Mya～)
        
        Superorder Protacanthopterygii
        
        Order Salmoniformes (Salmon, Trout; 125 Mya～)
        Order Esociformes (Pike)
        Order Osmeriformes (Smelts, Galaxiids)
        
        Suborder Argentinoidei (Slickheads, Tubeshoulders, Barreleyes)
        Suborder Osmeroidei (Salamanderfishes, Smelts, Noodlefishes)
        
        Superorder Stenopterygii
        
        Order Ateleopodiformes (Jellynose fish)
        Order Stomiiformes (Bristlemouths, Marine hatchetfishes)
        
        Suborder Gonostomatoidei (Bristlemouths, Marine hatchetfishes)
        Suborder Phosichthyoidei (Lightfishes, Barbeled dragonfishes, Loosejaws)
        
        Superorder Cyclosquamata
        
        Order Aulopiformes (Bombay duck, Lancetfishes)
        
        Suborder Alepisauroidei (Daggertooth, Sabertooth fishes)
        Suborder Chlorophthalmoidei (Deepsea tripodfishes, Waryfishes)
        Suborder Giganturoidei (Deepwater lizardfishes, Telescopefishes)
        Suborder Synodontoidei (Aulopus, Lizardfishes)
        
        Superorder Scopelomorpha
        
        Order Myctophiformes (Lanternfishes)
        
        Superorder Lampridiomorpha
        
        Order Lampriformes (Oarfish, Opah, Ribbonfishes)
        
        Superorder Polymyxiomorpha
        
        Order Polymixiiformes (Beardfishes; 99.6 Mya～)
        
        Superorder Paracanthopterygii
        
        Order Percopsiformes (Cavefishes, Trout-perches)
        Order Batrachoidiformes (Toadfishes; 119.6 Mya～)
        Order Lophiiformes (Anglerfishes)
        
        Suborder Antennarioidei (Frogfishes, Handfishes)
        Suborder Lophioidei (Goosefishes)
        Suborder Ogcocephalioidei (Fanfins, Footballfishes, Leftvents)
        
        Order Gadiformes (Cods)
        Order Ophidiiformes (Pearlfishes)
        
        Superorder Acanthopterygii
        
        Order Mugiliformes (Mullets)
        Order Atheriniformes (Silversides, Rainbowfishes)
        Order Beloniformes (Flyingfishes)
        
        Suborder Adrianichthyoidei (Ricefishes)
        Suborder Belonoidei (Needlefish, Saury, Flying fish, Halfbeak)
        
        Order Cetomimiformes (Whalefishes)
        Order Cyprinodontiformes (Livebearers, Killifishes; 70.6 Mya～)
        
        Suborder Aplocheiloidei
        Suborder Cyprinodontoidei
        
        Order Stephanoberyciformes (Ridgeheads)
        Order Beryciformes (Fangtooths, Pineconefishes; 99.6 Mya～)
        
        Suborder Berycoidei (Alfonsinos, Nannygais)
        Suborder Holocentroidei (Soldierfishes, Squirrelfishes)
        Suborder Trachichthyoidei (Flashlight fishes, Lanterneye fishes)
        
        Order Zeiformes (Dories)
        
        Suborder Zeioidei (Tinselfish, Oreos)
        Suborder Caproidei (Boarfishes)
        
        Order Gobiesociformes (Clingfishes)
        Order Gasterosteiformes (Sticklebacks, Pipefishes, Seahorses)
        Order Syngnathiformes (Seahorses, Pipefishes)
        Order Synbranchiformes (Swamp eels)
        Order Tetraodontiformes (Filefishes, Pufferfish; 161.2 Mya～)
        
        Suborder Triacanthodoidei (Spikefishes)
        Suborder Balistoidei (Triggerfish, Filefish, Boxfish)
        Suborder Tetraodontoidei (Pufferfish, Porcupinefish, Ocean sunfish)
        
        Order Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes; 130 Mya～)
        
        Suborder Psettodoidei (Spiny turbots)
        Suborder Pleuronectoidei (Righteye flounder, Large-tooth flounder)
        Suborder Soleoidei (True soles, Tonguefishes)
        
        Order Scorpaeniformes (Scorpionfishes, Sculpins)
        
        Suborder Dactylopteroidei (Flying gurnards)
        Suborder Scorpaenoidei (Velvetfishes, Scorpionfishes, Rockfishes)
        Suborder Platycephaloidei (Deepwater flatheads, Flatheads)
        Suborder Anoplopomatoidei (Sablefish, Skilfish)
        Suborder Hexagrammoidei (Greenlings)
        Suborder Cottoidei (Deep-water sculpins, Poachers, Sculpins)
        Suborder Normanichthyiodei
        
        Order Perciformes (Anabantids, Centrarchids; 199.6 Mya～)
        
        Suborder Acanthuroidei
        Suborder Percoidei (Cardinalfish, Butterflyfish, Dolphinfish, Grunt, Snapper, Knifejaw, Angelfish, Sea bass, Porgy)
        Suborder Elassomatoidei (Pygmy sunfishes)
        Suborder Labroidei (Wrass, Damselfish, Parrotfish)
        Suborder Zoarcoidei (Wolffishes, Eelpouts)
        Suborder Notothenioidei (Crocodile icefishes, Cod icefishes)
        Suborder Trachinoidei (Sand lances, Sandfishes)
        Suborder Blennioidei (Combtooth blennies, Threefin blennies)
        Suborder Icosteoidei (Ragfish)
        Suborder Gobiesocoidei (Clingfishes)
        Suborder Callionymoidei (Dragonets)
        Suborder Gobioidei (Gobies)
        Suborder Kurtoidei (Nurseryfishes)
        Suborder Acanthuroidei (Surgeonfishes, Spadefishes, Rabbitfishes)
        Suborder Scombrolabracoidei (Longfin escolar)
        Suborder Scombroidei (Mackerel, Tuna, Swordfish, Marlin) Marlin Tuna
        Suborder Stromateoidei (Medusafishes, Driftfishes)
        Suborder Anabantoidei (Climbing gouramies, Giant gouramies)
        Suborder Channoidei (Snakeheads)