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Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6~40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range and the epoch are shown in the Geological Time Table.
Phylogenetic Tree of Plants
- Kingdom Plantae
- Phylum Rhodophyta (Red algaes)
- Class Cyanidiophyceae
- Class Bangiophyceae (Red algaes)
- Class Florideophyceae
- Order Ceramiales
- Order Corallinales (Coralline algaes)
- Order Gelidiales
- Order Gigartinales
- Order Gracilariales
- Order Halymeniales
- Order Nemaliales
- Order Palmariales
- Order Rhodymeniales
- Phylum Heterokontophyta (Heterokonts)
- Class Bacillariophyceae (Phytoplankton)
- Class Chrysophyceae (Golden algaes; Single-celled algaes)
- Class Phaeophyceae (Brown algaes)
- Order Cutleriales
- Order Desmarestiales
- Order Dictyotales
- Order Ectocarpales
- Order Fucales
- Order Ishigeales
- Order Laminariales (Kelps)
- Order Scytosiphonales
- Phylum Chlorophyta (Green algaes)
- Class Chlorophyceae
- Order Chaetopeltidales
- Order Chaetophorales
- Order Chlorococcales (Phytoplankton)
- Order Oedogoniales
- Order Phaeophilales
- Order Sphaeropleales
- Order Tetrasporales
- Order Volvocales (Phytoplankton)
- Class Trebouxiophyceae
- Order Chlorellales (Chlorella)
- Order Prasiolales
- Class Ulvophyceae
- Order Cladophorales
- Order Dasycladales
- Order Trentepohliales
- Order Ulotrichales (Phytoplankton)
- Order Ulvales
- Class Prasinophyceae
- Order Chlorodendrales (Phytoplankton)
- Order Mamiellales (Phytoplankton)
- Order Pseudoscourfieldiales (Phytoplankton)
- Class Bryopsidophyceae
- Phylum Charophyta (Green algaes)
- Class Mesostigmatophyceae
- Class Chlorarachniophyceae
- Order Chlorokybales (Stoneworts)
- Class Zygnematophyceae
- Order Zygnematales
- Order Desmidiales
- Class Charophyceae
- Subkingdom Embryophyte (Land plants)
- Clade Bryophytes (Non-vascular land plants)
- Phylum Marchantiophyta (Liverworts)
- Class Haplomitriopsida
- Order Haplomitriales (Calobryales)
- Order Treubiales
- Class Jungermanniopsida
- Order Metzgeriales (Simple thalloids)
- Order Jungermanniales (Leafy liverworts)
- Class Marchantiopsida
- Order Blasiales
- Order Sphaerocarpales (Bottle liverworts)
- Order Marchantiales (Complex thalloids)
- Phylum Anthocerotophyta (Hornworts)
- Class Anthocerotopsida
- Order Anthocerotales
- Order Dendrocerotales
- Order Notothyladales
- Phylum Bryophyta (Mosses)
- Class Takakiopsida
- Class Sphagnopsida
- Order Sphagnales
- Order Ambuchananiales
- Class Andreaeopsida
- Class Andreaeobryopsida
- Class Oedipodiopsida
- Class Polytrichopsida
- Class Tetraphidopsida
- Class Bryopsida
- Subclass Bryidae
- Order Orthotrichales
- Order Bryales
- Order Hypnales
- Subclass Buxbaumiidae
- Subclass Dicranidae
- Order Archidiales
- Order Dicranales
- Order Grimmiales
- Order Pottiales
- Order Seligeriales
- Subclass Diphysciidae
- Subclass Funariidae
- Order Encalyptales
- Order Funariales
- Subclass Timmiidae
- Clade Tracheophytes (Vascular plants)
- Phylum Rhyniophyta
- Phylum Trimerophytophyta
- Phylum Lycopodiophyta
- Class Zosterophyllopsida
- Class Lycopodiopsida (Clubmosses)
- Order Drepanophycales
- Order Lycopodiales
- Class Isoetopsida (Spikemosses, Quillworts, Scale trees)
- Order Lepidodendrales (388.1~216.5 Mya)
- Order Isoetales (Quillworts; 171.6 Mya~)
- Order Selaginellales (Spikemosses; 318.1 Mya~)
- Phylum Pteridophyta (Fern)
- Class Psilotopsida
- Order Ophioglossales
- Order Psilotales (Fern-like plants)
- Class Equisetopsida
- Order Equisetales (Horsetails; 360.7 Mya~)
- Class Marattiopsida
- Order Marattiales (391.9 Mya~)
- Class Pteridopsida
- Order Osmundales (Flowering ferns; 237 Mya~)
- Order Hymenophyllales (Filmy ferns)
- Order Gleicheniales (251 Mya~)
- Order Schizaeales (183 Mya~)
- Order Salviniales (Water ferns; 99.6 Mya~)
- Order Cyatheales (Tree fern; 228 Mya~)
- Order Polypodiales (388.1 Mya~)
- Order Blechnales (237 Mya~)
- Phylum Progymnospermophyta
- Class Progymnospermopsida
- Clade Spermatophyte (Seed plants)
- Phylum Gymnosperms
- Subphylum Pteridospermatophyta (Seed ferns)
- Order Callistophytales (360.7~260.5 Mya)
- Order Glossopteridales (279.5~260.5 Mya)
- Order Caytoniales (237~99.6 Mya)
- Class Lyginopteridopsida
- Order Lyginopteridales (388.1~70.6 Mya)
- Subphylum Pinophyta (Conifers)
- Class Pinopsida (Conifers; 383.7 Mya~)
- Order Cordaitales (307.1~245 Mya)
- Order Voltziales (279.5~203.6 Mya)
- Order Pinales (360.7 Mya~)
- Subphylum Cycadophyta (Cycads)
- Class Spermatopsida
- Order Bennettitales (302~37.2 Mya)
- Order Caytoniales (237~99.6 Mya)
- Class Cycadopsida (302 Mya~)
- Order Cycadales (268 Mya~)
- Subphylum Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo)
- Class Ginkgoopsida (383.7 Mya~)
- Order Peltaspermales (360.7~99.6 Mya)
- Order Ginkgoales (251 Mya~)
- Subphylum Gnetophyta (Gnetae)
- Class Gnetopsida
- Order Gnetales
- Order Welwitschiales
- Order Ephedrales
- Phylum Angiospermae (Flowering plants; 161.2 Mya~)
- Order Amborellales
- Order Nymphaeales (65.5 Mya~)
- Order Austrobaileyales
- Subphylum Mesangiospermae
- Order Ceratophyllaceae
- Order Chloranthaceae
- Class Magnoliidae (145.5 Mya~)
- Order Canellales
- Order Laurales (145.5 Mya~)
- Order Magnoliales (140.2 Mya~)
- Order Piperales
- Class Monocotyledoneae (monocots)
- Order Acorales
- Order Alismatales (130 Mya~)
- Order Asparagales
- Order Dioscoreales (99.6 Mya~)
- Order Liliales
- Order Pandanales
- Order Petrosaviales
- Subclass Commelinids
- Order Arecales (83.5~0 mya)
- Order Commelinales
- Order Poales
- Order Zingiberales (70.6 Mya~)
- Class Eudicotyledoneae (eudicots; 112 Mya~)
- Order Ranunculales (112 Mya~)
- Order Proteales (112 Mya~)
- Order Gunnerales
- Order Caryophyllales (55.4 Mya~)
- Order Santalales
- Order Saxifragales
- Subclass Rosids
- Order Crossosomatales
- Order Geraniales (48.6 Mya~)
- Order Myrtales (83.5 Mya~)
- Infoclass Eurosids I
- Order Celastrales (70.6 Mya~)
- Order Malpighiales
- Order Oxalidales
- Order Fabales (99.6 Mya~)
- Order Rosales (112 Mya~)
- Order Cucurbitales
- Order Fagales (112 Mya~)
- Infoclass Eurosids II
- Order Brassicales
- Order Malvales (125 Mya~)
- Order Sapindales (89.3 Mya~)
- Subclass Asterids
- Order Cornales (65 Mya~)
- Order Ericales (99.6 Mya~)
- Infoclass Euasterids I
- Order Garryales
- Order Solanales (28.4 Mya~)
- Order Gentianales (55.4 Mya~)
- Order Lamiales (40.4 Mya~)
- Infoclass Euasterids II
- Order Aquifoliales
- Order Apiales (112 Mya~)
- Order Dipsacales (89.3 Mya~)
- Order Asterales (70.6 Mya~)
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