Wildlife Feature

Megafauna Past and Present (Phylogenetic tree) - Animals in the Habitats and the Fossil sites, and Biodiversity

Classified animal picture guide. Clicking the Organism name shows the images, and pointing the Organism name shows the tooltip with three links at the left-top corner.
A lot of huge wildlife have appeared after the first birth of wildlife on the earth. It is not possible to see the most of them now. The explanation in brackets is the ages they lived in extinct species, and the habitat in extant species. Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range is shown in the Geological Time Table. The followings are a part of the Evolutionary Tree.
  • Kingdom Animalia
    • Phylum Arthropod
      • Class Dinocaridida (Anomalocaris, Opabinia)
        Anomalocaridid Anomalocaris   (530～501 Mya; ６０cm), Hurdia   (513～501 Mya; ５０cm)
      • Subphylum Chelicerata (Horseshoe crabs, Scorpions, Spiders, Mites)
        • Class Merostomata (Horseshoe crabs, Sea scorpions)
          Sea scorpion Pterygotus   (439～359.2 Mya; ２．３m), Pulmonoscorpius   (345.3～328.3 Mya; １m), Jaekelopterus   (409.1～391.9 Mya; ２．５m)
    • Phylum Mollusca
      • Class Cephalopod (Squid, Octopus, Cuttlefish, Nautilus, Ammonite)
        Squid (Giant squid)   (All oceans; １３m), Colossal squid   (Antarctic Ocean; １４m)
    • Phylum Chordate
      • Subphylum Vertebra
        • Infraphylum Gnathostomata (Jawed vertebrates)
          • Class Placodermi (Armoured fish)
            Armoured fish Dunkleosteus   (376.1～359.2 Mya; １０m)
          • Class Chondrichthyes (Ray, Shark)
            Shark Carcharodon megalodon   (23.03～3 Mya; ２０m), Whale shark   (warm ocean; １２m)
          • Class Sarcopterygii (Four-limbed vertebrate, Coelacanth, Lungfish)
            Lobe-finned fish Rhizodus   (377～310 Mya; ７m), Hyneria   (360 Mya; ４m)
          • Class Actinopterygii (Most living fishes)
            Ray-finned fish Leedsichthys   (164.7～155.7 Mya; ２８m)
          • Class Amphibia
            Primitive amphibia Prionosuchus   (270 Mya; ９m)
          • Class Sauropsida (Non mammal-like reptiles)
            • Subclass Anapsida (No arch near the temples)
              Turtle Protostega   (99.6～70.6 Mya; ２．７m), Archelon   (83.5～70.6 Mya; ４m), Meiolania   (50～0.003 Mya; ２．５m), Stupendemys   (9～7.25 Mya; ２．４m), Colossochelys   (7.25～1.81 Mya; ２．５m)
            • Subclass Diapsida (Two arches near the temples)
              • Infraclass Lepidosauromorpha (Lizards, Snakes, Tuatara)
                Marine reptile Liopleurodon   (164.7～161.2 Mya; １０m), Pliosaurus   (164.7～65.5 Mya; １３m), Kronosaurus   (145.5～65.5 Mya; １３m)
                Marine lizard Mosasaurus   (99.6～65.5 Mya; １８m), Tylosaurus   (93.5～65.5 Mya; １５m)
                Monitor Megalania   (2.6～0.04 Mya; ７m), Komodo Dragon   (Indonesia; ３m)
                Snake Titanoboa   (61.7～55.8 Mya; １５m), Gigantophis   (37.2～33.9 Mya; １０m), Green anaconda Largest snakes   (South America; ７m), Reticulated python Largest snakes   (Southeast Asia; ８．７m)
              • Infraclass Archosauromorpha (Crocodiles, Pterosaurs, Dinosaurs)
                Crocodile Sarcosuchus   (145.5～93.5 Mya; １２m), Deinosuchus   (83.5～1.81 Mya; １２m), Purussaurus   (8 Mya; １２m), Saltwater Crocodile   (tropical Asia and Oceania; ６m)
                Flying reptile Arambourgiania   (70.6～65.5 Mya; １２m), Hatzegopteryx   (70.6～65.5 Mya; １２m), Quetzalcoatlus   (70.6～65.5 Mya; １２m)
                Bird-hipped dino Edmontosaurus   (83.5～65.5 Mya; １３m)
                Long-necked dino Amphicoelias   (155.7～145.5 Mya; ６０m), Supersaurus   (155.7～145.5 Mya; ３４m), Sauroposeidon   (125～99.6 Mya; ３４m), Argentinosaurus   (99.6～93.5 Mya; ３５m), Futalognkosaurus   (93.5～85.8 Mya; ３４m), Bruhathkayosaurus   (78～74 Mya; ４４m)
                Large predatory dino Tarbosaurus   (83.5～65.5 Mya; １２m), Tyrannosaurus   (83.5～65.5 Mya; １３m)
          • Class Aves
            Primitive bird Hesperornis   (89.3～65.5 Mya; １．５m), Pelagornis   (20.43～3.6 Mya; ６．４m)
            • Subclass Neornithes (Modern birds)
              • Infraclass Paleognathae
                Ostrich Ostrich   (Africa; ２．７５m)
                Elephant bird Great Elephant Bird   (2 Mya～AD1840; ３m)
                Giant Moa South Island giant Moa   (70 Mya～AD1500s; ３．６m), North Island giant Moa   (70 Mya～AD1500s; ３．６m)
              • Infraclass Neognathae
                Fowl Gastornis   (61.7～55.8 Mya; ２m), Dromornis   (23.03～5.33 Mya; ３m), Bullockornis   (15.97～11.61 Mya; ２．５m)
                Penguin Anthropornis   (55.8～15.97 Mya; １．７m), Icadyptes   (37.2～33.9 Mya; １．５m), Pachydyptes   (36～21.7 Mya; １．６m)
                Raptor Argentavis   (9～6.8 Mya; １．５m)
                Terror bird Brontornis   (23.03～11.61 Mya; ２．８m), Phorusrhacos   (23.03～4 Mya; ２．５m), Paraphysornis   (23 Mya; ２m), Devincenzia   (13.65～11.61 Mya; ２．５m), Titanis   (4.9～1.8 Mya; ２．５m)
                Owl Cuban Giant Owl   (1.81～0.01 Mya; １．１m)
          • Class Mammalia
            • Subclass Theria (Wild animal)
              • Infraclass Metatheria (Marsupials)
                Diprotodont Sthenurus   (5.330～0.01 Mya; ３m), Phascolonus   (2～0.01 Mya; １．６m), Procoptodon   (1.81～0.01 Mya; ３m), Diprotodon   (0.126～0.01 Mya; ３m)
              • Infraclass Eutheria (Placentals)
                • Clade Atlantogenata
                  • Group I: Afrotheria
                    Hyrax Kvabebihyrax   (5.33～1.81 Mya; １．６m)
                    Primitive elephant Deinotherium   (22.4～0.01 Mya; ５m), Amebelodon   (13.6～8.7 Mya; ６m), Cuvieronius   (10.3～0.011 Mya; ６m), Sinomastodon   (1.81～0.781 Mya; ５．３m)
                    Elephant American mastodon   (23.03～0.012 Mya; ５m), Stegodon   (11.61～0.01 Mya; ５m), American mammoth   (4.9～0.011 Mya; ４．９m), Songhua River Mammoth   (0.28 Mya; ５m), African elephant   (Africa; ７．３m)
                    Sea-cow Steller's Sea Cow   (0.3 Mya～AD1768; ８m)
                  • Group II: Xenarthra
                    Armadillo Glyptodon   (3.6～0.01 Mya; ３m), Doedicurus   (3～0.01 Mya; ３．６m), Panochthus   (3.6～0.01 Mya; ３m)
                    Ground sloth Megatherium   (5.33～0.01 Mya; ８m), Eremotherium   (1.81～0.01 Mya; ６m)
                • Clade Boreoeutheria
                  • Group III: Euarchontoglires
                    Primate Gigantopithecus   (1.81～0.126 Mya; ３m), Western Gorilla   (tropical Africa; １．７m)
                    Rodent Phoberomys   (11.61～7.25 Mya; ３m), Eumegamys   (11.61～1.81 Mya; ３．５m), Josephoartigasia   (4～2 Mya; ３m), Castoroides   (1.8～0.01 Mya; ２．５m)
                  • Group IV: Laurasiatheria
                    Primitive whale Basilosaurus   (40.4～33.9 Mya; ２５m)
                    Whale Fin Whale   (All oceans; ２７m), Blue Whale   (All oceans; ３３m)
                    Even-toed ungulate Entelodon   (37.2～28.4 Mya; ４．６m), Megaloceros giganteus   (0.126～0.01 Mya; ３．６５m), Sinomegaceros yabei   (0.126～0.01 Mya; ３m), Giraffe   (Africa; ５m)
                    Ungulate Andrewsarchus   (45～36 Mya; ３．４m)
                    Odd-toed ungulate Megacerops   (38～33.9 Mya; ５m), Paraceratherium   (37.2～23.03 Mya; ８m), Embolotherium   (37.2～33.9 Mya; ５m), Elasmotherium   (3.6～0.126 Mya; ６m), Megatapirus   (0.781～0.01 Mya; ２．１m)
                    Carnivora-like Megistotherium   (16.9～11.61 Mya; ４m)
                    Carnivora Eusmilus   (37.2～28.4 Mya; ２．５m), Sarkastodon   (35 Mya; ５m), Machairodus   (11.61～0.126 Mya; ２．５m), Smilodon   (1.81～0.01 Mya; ２．１m), Lion   (Africa; ２．５m), Brown Bear   (Northern Hemisphere; ３m), Polar Bear   (Arctic; ３m)
                    Marine mammal Southern Elephant Seal   (Antarctic Ocean; ５m)