Wildlife Type

Turtles and primitive reptiles in Anapsida (Phylogenetic tree) - Animals in the Habitats and the Fossil sites, and Biodiversity

Classified animal picture guide. Clicking the Organism name shows the images, and pointing the Organism name shows the tooltip with three links at the left-top corner.
The followings are extinct Anapsids excavated and extant species in the world. Anapsids evolved from Amphibias, and are ancestors or turtules lived from Carboniferous and survived three times the Great Dying③④⑤.　The explanation in brackets is the ages they lived in extinct species, and the habitat in extant species. Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range is shown in the Geological Time Table. The followings are a part of the Evolutionary Tree.
  • Kingdom Animalia
    • Phylum Chordate
      • Subphylum Vertebra
        • Infraphylum Gnathostomata (Jawed vertebrates)
          • Class Amphibia
            • Superorder Reptiliomorpha (Reptile-like amphibia; 318.1～272.5 Mya)
              Primitive
              amniota              		 Westlothiana   (336～332.9 Mya; Primitive amniotes), Casineria   (339.4～336 Mya; Primitive amniotes), Eogyrinus   (318.1～299 Mya), Diplovertebron   (311.7～306.5 Mya), Diadectes   (290～272.5 Mya; Ancestors of amniotes), Seymouria   (284～272.5 Mya; Many reptilian features)
          • Class Synapsida (Mammal-like reptiles)
            • Division Mammaliaformes (Mammal-shaped)
          • Class Sauropsida (Non mammal-like reptiles)
            • Subclass Anapsida (No arch near the temples)
              • Order Captorhinida (Early reptiles)
                Primitive
                reptile                		 Hylonomus   (318.1～313.4 Mya; Earlist reptiles), Eudibamus   (284～279.5 Mya), Labidosaurus   (279.5～272.5 Mya), Milleretta   (253.8～251 Mya)
              • Order Mesosauria (Small marine reptiles)
                Primitive
                reptile                		 Mesosaurus   (284～279.5 Mya; Earlist reptiles), Stereosternum   (284～279.5 Mya)
              • Order Procolophonomorpha (Ancestors of turtles; 272.5～199.6 Mya)
                Ancestors of
                turtles                		 Bradysaurus   (265～260.5 Mya; ３m), Provelosaurus   (265～260.5 Mya), Owenetta   (260.5～245 Mya; Great Dying③), Arganaceras   (260.5～253.8 Mya; ２．５m), Scutosaurus   (258～251 Mya; ３．５m), Procolophon   (251～245 Mya)
              • Order Testudines (Turtles; 203.6 Mya～)
                • Suborder Proganochelydia (Extinct turtles)
                  Turtle Odontochelys   (228～216.5 Mya; Oldest turtles), Proganochelys   (216.5～203.6 Mya; Oldest turtles)
                • Suborder Cryptodira (Sea turtles, Tortoises)
                  Turtle Glyptops (155.7～99.6 Mya), Pleurosternon (145.5～83.5 Mya)
                  Horned turtle Meiolania   (50～0.003 Mya; ２．５m), Owen's Ninja Turtle   (1.8～0.01 Mya)
                  Snapping turtle Chelydropsis (28.4～13.7 Mya), Alligator Snapping Turtle (North America), Common Snapping Turtle (North America)
                  • Superfamily Chelonioidea (Sea turtles)
                    Primitive
                    sea turtle                    		 Protostega   (99.6～70.6 Mya; ２．７m), Archelon   (83.5～70.6 Mya; ４m)
                    Sea turtle Puppigerus   (99.6～13.65 Mya; Great Dying⑤), Allopleuron   (93.5～37.2 Mya; Great Dying⑤; ２．５m), Loggerhead Sea Turtle (warm ocean), Green turtle (warm ocean), Hawksbill turtle (warm ocean), Kemp's Ridley (Caribbean Sea), Olive Ridley (warm ocean), Flatback Turtle (coast of Australia and New Guinea)
                    Leatherback turtle Mesodernochelys   (86.3～72.1 Mya; ２m), Psephophorus   (55.8～4.9 Mya), Leatherback turtle   (warm ocean; ２．７m)
                  • Superfamily Testudinoidea (Land turtles)
                    Primitive
                    land turtle                    		 Sinemys   (155.7～99.6 Mya), Toxochelys   (85.8～70.6 Mya; ２m)
                    Big-headed turtle Big-headed Turtle (Southeast Asia)
                    Water turtle
                    Emydinae
                    7 spp
                    		 Blanding's Turtle (North America), European Pond Turtle (Europe), Spotted Turtle (North America), (Box turtles) (North America)
                    Water turtle
                    Deirochelyinae
                    32 spp
                    		 Painted Turtle (North America), Chicken Turtle (North America), (Map turtles) (North America), Diamondback terrapin (North America), (Cooters) (North America), (Slider turtles) (Americas)
                    Asian turtle
                    Batagurinae
                    11 spp
                    		 Giant river turtle (Southeast Asia), Painted Batagur (Southeast Asia), (Asian roofed turtles) (South Asia), (Asian eyed terrapin) (South Asia), Brahminy River Turtle (South Asia)
                    Asian turtle
                    Geoemydinae
                    46 spp
                    		 Echmatemys (50.3～40.4 Mya), (Chinese pond turtles) (China), (Asian box turtles) (Southeast and East Asia), Asian Leaf Turtle (Southeast Asia), Ryukyu Black-breasted Leaf Turtle (Japan), Sulawesi Forest Turtle (Indonesia)
                    Tortoise
                    34 spp
                    		 Stylemys (38～28.4 Mya), Hesperotestudo   (20.6～0.01 Mya), Colossochelys   (7.25～1.81 Mya; ２．５m), (Giant Tortoises) (1 Mya～1840s), (Giant Tortoises) (Seychelles, Madagascar), (Geochelone tortoises) (Africa・Asia), (Gopher tortoises) (North America), (Hinged tortoises) (Africa)
                  • Superfamily Trionychoidea (Softshelled turtles)
                    Pignose turtle Anosteira (50.3～37.2 Mya), Allaeochelys (46.2～42 Mya), Pig-nosed Turtle (Australia・New Guinea)
                    River turtle Mesoamerican River Turtle (Central America)
                    Mud turtle
                    25 spp
                    		 (Mud turtles) (Americas), (Musk turtles) (North America), Narrow-bridged Musk Turtle (Central America), (Giant musk turtules) (Central America)
                    Softshell turtle
                    Cyclanorbinae
                    5 spp
                    		 Nubian Flapshell Turtle (Africa), Zambezi Flapshell Turtle (Africa), Indian Flapshell Turtle (South Asia)
                    Softshell turtle
                    Trionychinae
                    20 spp
                    		 Sinaspideretes (161～145 Mya), Basilochelys (150.8～140.2 Mya), Palaeotrionyx   (65.5～63.3 Mya), Asiatic Softshell Turtle (Southeast Asia), (Softshell turtles) (North America), (Peacock softshell turtles) (South Asia), (Chitra turtles) (South and Southeast Asia), Asian Giant Soft Shelled Turtle (New Guinea), Soft-shelled Turtle (East Asia)
                • Suborder Pleurodira (Side-necked turtles)
                  Austro-American
                  sideneck turtle
                  58 spp
                  		 (South American Side-necked Swamp Turtles) (South America), (Australian Snake-necked Turtles) (Australia・New Guinea), Matamata turtle   (South America; Large flat head), (Australian Snapping Turtles) (Australia,New Guinea), Mary River turtle (Australia), (Australian Short-necked Turtles) (Australia), (South American Snake-necked Turtles) (South America), Twist-neck turtle (South America), Western Swamp Tortoise (Australia)
                  African
                  sideneck turtle
                  15 spp
                  		 African helmeted turtle (Africa), (African side-necked turtles) (Africa)
                  Madagascan
                  big-headed turtle
                  8 spp
                  		 Stupendemys   (9～7.25 Mya; ２．４m), Madagascar Big-headed Turtle (Madagascar), Big-headed Amazon River Turtle (Amazon), (South American side-necked river turtles)   (South America)
            • Subclass Diapsida (Two arches near the temples)
              • Infraclass Lepidosauromorpha (Lizards, Snakes, Tuatara)
              • Infraclass Archosauromorpha (Crocodiles, Pterosaurs, Dinosaurs)