Wildlife Type

Primitive plants (Phylogenetic tree) - Plants in the Habitats and the Fossil sites, and Biodiversity

Classified plant picture guide. Clicking the Organism name shows the images, and pointing the Organism name shows the tooltip with three links at the left-top corner.
The followings are extinct primitive plants excavated in Paleozoic and Mesozoic. The explanation in brackets is the ages they lived in extinct species, and the habitat in extant species. Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range is shown in the Geological Time Table. The followings are a part of the Evolutionary Tree.
  • Kingdom Plantae
    • Phylum Chlorophyta (Green algae)
      Class unresolved Yuknessia   (542～501 Mya), Protosalvinia (376.1～359.2 Mya), Stigmaria   (359.2～253.8 Mya; Great Dying②), Calamostachys   (326.4～265 Mya; Great Dying②), Sigillariostrobus (307.1～272.5 Mya)
      Ulvophyceae Receptaculites   (488～250 Mya,Great Dying①②)
    • Phylum Charophyta
      Charophyceae Parka (418.7～412.3 Mya)
    • Subkingdom Embryophyte (Land plants)
      Phylum unresolved Horneophytopsida (420～400 Mya), Aglaophyton   (411.2～407 Mya)
      • Phylum Marchantiophyta (Liverworts)
      • Phylum Anthocerotophyta (Hornworts)
      • Phylum Bryophyta (Mosses)
        Sphagnopsida Protosphagnum (268～255 Mya)
      • Phylum Horneophytopsida
        Class unresolved Tortilicaulis (418.7～412.3 Mya), Horneophyton   (416～397 Mya)
      • Phylum Bryophyta
        Nematophytina Nematothallus (418.7～409.1 Mya)
      • Clade Tracheophytes (Vascular plant)
        Phylum unresolved Cooksonia   (426.2～383.7 Mya; Primitive land plants), Salopella   (422.9～391.9 Mya), Uskiella (418.1～409.1 Mya)
        • Phylum Rhyniophyta
          Rhyniopsida Rhynia   (412.3～391.9 Mya)
        • Phylum Trimerophytophyta
          Class unsolved Psilophyton   (412.3～318.1 Mya; Great Dying②), Trimerophyton   (409.1～391.9 Mya)
        • Phylum Lycopodiophyta (Lycophyta)
          Class unsolved Adoketophyton (412.3～409.1 Mya)
          Zosterophyllopsida Zosterophyllum   (421.3～383.7 Mya), Ventarura (420～400 Mya), Anisophyton (418.1～383.7 Mya), Nothia   (412.3～409.1 Mya), Trichopherophyton (412.3～391.9 Mya), Gosslingia (412.3～391.9 Mya), Crenaticaulis (409.1～391.9 Mya), Sawdonia   (409.1～383.7 Mya), Barinophyton   (391.9～359.2 Mya)
          Clubmosses Baragwanathia   (422.9～391.9 Mya; Primitive land plants), Drepanophycus   (412.3～376.1 Mya), Asteroxylon   (412.3～359.2 Mya)
          Isoetopsida Sigillaria   (388.1～258 Mya; Great Dying②), Lepidodendron   (388.1～203.6 Mya; Great Dying②③), Lepidophloios (359.2～305 Mya), Pleuromeia   (251～216.5 Mya)
        • Phylum Pteridophyta (Fern)
          Class unresolved Rhacophyton   (388.1～318.1 Mya; Great Dying②), Stauropteris   (359.2～313.4 Mya), Pecopteris   (326.4～11.1 Mya; Great Dying②③④⑤)
          Cladoxylopsida Wattieza   (388.1～383.7 Mya; Giant Paleozoic tree; ８m), Hyenia (388.1～383.7 Mya), Pseudosporochnus   (388.1～376.1 Mya), Cladoxylon   (388.1～345.3 Mya; Great Dying②)
          Equisetopsida Pseudobornia   (383.7～359.2 Mya), Sphenophyllum   (362.5～251 Mya; Great Dying②), Annularia   (359.2～245 Mya; Great Dying②③), Equisetites   (359.2～99.6 Mya; Great Dying③④), (Horsetails)   (359.2 Mya～; Great Dying③④⑤), Calamites   (326.4～171.6 Mya; Great Dying②③④; ３０m), Neocalamites   (299～155.7 Mya; Great Dying③④)
          Marattiopsida Caulopteris   (391.9～249.7 Mya; Great Dying②③), Psaronius   (318.1～253.8 Mya), (Marattoid ferns)   (216.5 Mya～; Great Dying④⑤)
          • Class Pteridopsida (Modern ferns)
            Zygopteridales Zygopteris (359.2～313.4 Mya), Alloiopteris (359.2～284 Mya)
            Flowering ferns Todites   (272.5～145.5 Mya; Great Dying③④), (Osmunda)   (140.2 Mya～; Great Dying⑤)
            Forked ferns Gleichenites   (245～70.6 Mya; Great Dying④), Thaumatopteris   (237～145.5 Mya; Great Dying④)
            Tree ferns Coniopteris   (279.5～99.6 Mya; Great Dying③④), Eboracia   (251～136.4 Mya; Great Dying④), Onychiopsis   (175.6～93.5 Mya)
            Polypodiales Cladophlebis   (284～70.6 Mya; Great Dying③④), Onychiopsis   (175.6～93.5 Mya)
        • Phylum Progymnospermophyta
          Progymnospermopsida Aneurophyton   (388.1～359.2 Mya), Callixylon   (388.1～359.2 Mya), Archaeopteris   (388.1～318.1 Mya; Great Dying②; １０m), Protopitys (359.2～345.3 Mya)
        • Clade Spermatophyte (Seed plants)
          • Phylum Gymnosperms
            • Subphylum Pteridospermatophyta (Seed ferns)
              Class unresolved Moresnetia   (376.1～359.2 Mya; Oldest seed plant), Archaeosperma (376.1～359.2 Mya), Eremopteris   (359.2～272.5 Mya), Callistophyton   (312～305 Mya), Callistophyton   (312～305 Mya), Dicksonites   (307.1～290 Mya), Angarocarpus (302～260.5 Mya), Glossopteris   (279.5～145.5; Great Dying③④), Sagenopteris   (237～99.6 Mya; Great Dying④)
              Lyginopteridopsida Sphenopteris   (388.1～70.6 Mya; Great Dying②③④), Lyginopteris   (359.2～312 Mya; Ancestor of conifers)
            • Subphylum Pinophyta (Conifers)
              Class unresolved Podozamites   (279.5～99.6 Mya; Great Dying③④)
              Conifers Cordaites   (383.7～228 Mya; Great Dying②③; ３０m), Araucarioxylon   (359.2～61.7 Mya; Great Dying②③④⑤), Walchia (307.1～251 Mya), Lebachia   (305～161.2 Mya; Great Dying③④), Brachyphyllum   (284～70.6 Mya; Great Dying③④), Voltzia   (279.5～203.6 Mya; Great Dying③), Pagiophyllum   (260.5～99.6 Mya; Great Dying③④), Schizolepis   (237～112 Mya; Great Dying④), Pityocladus   (216.5～145.5 Mya; Great Dying④)
            • Subphylum Cycadophyta (Cycads)
              Spermatopsida Pterophyllum   (302～99.6 Mya; Great Dying③④⑤), Williamsoniella   (251～145.5 Mya; Great Dying④), Otozamites   (251～99.6 Mya; Great Dying④), Williamsonia   (247.2～99.6 Mya; Great Dying④), Zamites   (245～37.2 Mya; Great Dying④⑤), Cycadeoidea   (237～99.6 Mya; Great Dying④), Sagenopteris   (237～99.6 Mya; Great Dying④), Ptilophyllum   (216.5～99.6 Mya; Great Dying④), Caytonanthus (199.6～167.7 Mya), Bucklandia (199.6～145.5 Mya), Caytonia   (183.7～99.6 Mya)
              Cycads Cyclopteris   (362.5～183 Mya; Great Dying②③④), Alethopteris   (359.2～112 Mya; Great Dying②③④), Neuropteris   (349.5～145.5 Mya; Great Dying③④), Medullosa   (318.1～307.1 Mya; Ancestor of cycads), Nilsonia   (268～65.5 Mya; Great Dying③④), Androstrobus   (237～161.2 Mya; Great Dying④)
            • Subphylum Ginkgophyta (Ginkgo)
              Ginkgoopsida Trichopitys   (318.1～155.7 Mya; Great Dying③④), Sphenobaiera   (299～99.6 Mya; Great Dying③④), Ginkgoites   (299～99.6 Mya; Great Dying③④), Peltaspermum   (279.5～199.6 Mya; Great Dying③), Pachypteris   (251～145.5 Mya; Great Dying④), Umkomasia   (203.6～199.6 Mya), Schmeissneria (201.6～171.6 Mya)
            • Subphylum Gnetophyta (Gnetae)
          • Phylum Angiospermae (Flowering plants; 161.2 Mya～)
            Class unresolved Pannaulika (216.5～203.6 Mya), Archaefructus   (161.2～99.6 Mya; Primitive flowering plants), Dicotylophyllum   (112～28.4 Mya; Great Dying⑤), Dillhoffia (49.5 Mya)