Wildlife Type

Mammal-like reptiles in Synapsida (Phylogenetic tree) - Animals in the Fossil sites, and Biodiversity

Classified animal picture guide. Clicking the Organism name shows the images, and pointing the Organism name shows the tooltip with three links at the left-top corner.
The followings are extinct Synapsids excavated. Synapsids evolved from Amphibias, and are ancestors of mammals lived from Late Carboniferous to Early Cretaceous, and survived twice at the Great Dying③(260-253 Mya), ④(205 Mya). The explanation in brackets is the ages they lived in extinct species. Note that Mya is million years ago. For example, "48.6～40.4 Mya" shows a range between 48.6 and 40.4 million years ago. The time range is shown in the Geological Time Table. The followings are a part of the Evolutionary Tree.
  • Kingdom Animalia
    • Phylum Chordate
      • Subphylum Vertebra
        • Infraphylum Gnathostomata (Jawed vertebrates)
          • Class Amphibia
            • Superorder Reptiliomorpha (Reptile-like amphibia; 318.1～272.5 Mya)
              Primitive
              amniota              		 Westlothiana   (336～332.9 Mya; Primitive amniotes), Casineria   (339.4～336 Mya; Primitive amniotes), Eogyrinus   (318.1～299 Mya), Diplovertebron   (311.7～306.5 Mya), Diadectes   (290～272.5 Mya; Ancestors of amniotes), Seymouria   (284～272.5 Mya; Many reptilian features)
          • Class Synapsida (Mammal-like reptiles)
            • Order Pelycosauria (318.1～255 Mya)
              • Suborder Eupelycosauria
                Eupelycosaurs Archaeothyris   (307.1～305 Mya; Earliest mammal-like reptile), Ophiacodon   (305～272.5 Mya), Ianthasaurus   (305～302 Mya; Large sail on back), Edaphosaurus   (302～272.5 Mya; Large sail on back), Sphenacodon   (299～279.5 Mya), Dimetrodon   (290～272.5 Mya; Large sail on back), Ctenospondylus   (284～279.5 Mya), Secodontosaurus   (279.5～272.5 Mya; Large sail on back), Tetraceratops   (279.5～272.5 Mya)
              • Suborder Caseasauria
                Caseasaur Casea   (279.5～272.5 Mya), Cotylorhynchus   (279.5～268 Mya)
            • Order Therapsida (279.5～183 Mya)
              • Suborder Biarmosuchia (Primitive therapsids)
                Primitive
                therapsids                		 Biarmosuchus   (255 Mya), Eotitanosuchus   (255 Mya), Burnetia   (253 Mya)
              • Suborder Dinocephalia (Eutherapsida)
                Dinocephalia Estemmenosuchus   (270～265 Mya; Clumsy-looking with horn), Jonkeria   (270 Mya), Deuterosaurus   (268～260.5 Mya), Ulemosaurus   (268～260.5 Mya), Anteosaurus   (266～260 Mya), Titanophoneus   (265～260 Mya), Struthiocephalus   (265～260 Mya), Moschops   (255 Mya)
              • Suborder Anomodontia (Neotherapsida)
                Anomodont Cistecephalus   (260.5～253.8 Mya), Oudenodon   (260.5～253.8 Mya), Oudenodon   (260.5～253.8 Mya), Suminia   (260 Mya), Dicynodon   (258～216.5 Mya; Great Dying③), Diictodon   (258～253.8 Mya), Lystrosaurus   (255～241 Mya; Great Dying③ and the most prosperous Synapsid), Kannemeyeria   (245～228 Mya), Dinodontosaurus   (245～216.5 Mya), Placerias   (228～203.6 Mya)
              • Suborder Gorgonopsia (Theriodont)
                Gorgonopsia Inostrancevia   (265～251 Mya), Lycaenops   (258 Mya; Mammal's features to walk), Gorgonops   (255～250 Mya)
              • Suborder Therocephalia (Eutheriodontia)
                Therocephalian Lycosuchus   (265～245 Mya; Great Dying③)
              • Suborder Cynodontia (Eutheriodontia)
                Cynodont Procynosuchus   (255 Mya), Thrinaxodon   (255～245 Mya; Great Dying③), Cynognathus   (249.7～228 Mya), Probainognathus (245～216.5 Mya), Bienotherium   (199.6～196.5 Mya), Oligokyphus   (196.5～183.7 Mya)
            • Division Mammaliaformes (Mammal-shaped; 228～189.6 Mya) ⇒ Class Mammalia
              Primitive
              mammal              		 Adelobasileus   (228～216.5 Mya; Earliest mammals), Sinoconodon   (203.6～199.6 Mya), Morganucodon   (203.6～189.6 Mya; Great Dying④), Megazostrodon   (199.6～189.6 Mya; Earliest mammals), Castorocauda   (167.7～150.8 Mya; Jurassic Beaver)
          • Class Sauropsida (Non mammal-like reptiles)
            • Subclass Anapsida (No arch near the temples)
            • Subclass Diapsida (Two arches near the temples)
              • Infraclass Lepidosauromorpha (Lizards, snakes, tuatara)
              • Infraclass Archosauromorpha (Crocodiles, Pterosaurs, Dinosaurs)